The PM-54 was an assault rifle chambered in 5x50. Thanks to its layout it was known for reliability even under conditions of poor maintenance and harsh conditions. With the free-floating barrel, it achieved a high accuracy and was also able to fire rifle grenades. It had an unloaded weight of 3,2 kg, achieved a muzzle velocity of 935 m/s and had a theoretical rate of fire of 750 RPM. Variants for crews and paratroopers had folding stocks.

The lMG-57 was developed to fulfil the requirement of a common weapons family for the infantry squad. Based on the PM-54, the lMG-57 was nearly identical, mostly differing due to the longer, heavier barrel, the bipod mounted at the front, a different stock design and as a result the heavier weight of 4,7 kg. A special paratrooper variant had a folding stock and a special bag for carrying the machine gun while jumping. It was mostly used with a 45 round magazine, although 75 round drum magazines exist. Although it increased commonality and firepower in the squad, its low sustained fire capability was critisised.

The sMG-50 was essentially a belt-fed lMG-30 with a heavier barrel. The old magazines could still be loaded and the weapon had a weight of 11 kg loaded.

The sMG-62 is a general-purpose machine gun designed to replace the (essentially wartime) sMG-50 design. The weapon has a short-stroke gas piston and is an open bolt design. Chambered in the 7,5x54 mm cartridge, it serves as a company- and battalion-level asset. It comes with a quick-change barrel and weighs 9 kg with bipod, in the heavy machine gun role it is used with the 7,6 kg heavy tripod. Later variants reduced the weight to 7,5 kg and 4,1 kg respectively while easing manufacturing.

The SSG-86 is an upgrade from the earlier SSG-66 sniper rifle.

The rifle barrel is thermally shielded along a considerable part of the barrel by a polymer shroud. It uses a different bipod-stock configuration from its predecessor, which is built just ahead of the receiver. It uses 7,5 x 54 mm ammunition, and is equipped with a scope, Laywenranian army standard issue is either a GZO-4 or GZO-7. The rifle is also issued with a 3-in-1 optic, which serves as a telescopic sight, thermal weapon sight, and laser rangefinder. The SSG-86 utilizes the same bolt design as the older SSG-66.

The DPi-50 was developed in the last years of the war as a service pistol, design goals being ease of production, reliability and accuracy. It is a single action pistol featuring a frame-mounted manual safety as well as a magazine disconnector safety. Due to the self-contained firing and recoil systems and the slide riding inside the frame rails, it is durable, reliable and accurate. With a weight of 925 g it is heavier than older pistols, but due to the stronger action, it could fire higher loads of the rather potent 7,5x24 mm cartridge, achieving a very flat trajectory, further enhancing accuracy at distance. The weapon is fed by an 8 round box magazine.

Askild Antonsen [CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

The DPi-75 was developed as a replacement for the DPi-50. It is a short recoil operated, locked breech pistol using a similar locking similar to the DPi-50. It can be fired in either single or double-action, features a frame-mounted manual safety as well as a staggered-column 16 round magazine and a hammer forged barrel. It is chambered in 7,5x24 mm and like with the DPi-50, the slide rides inside the frame rails, providing a tight fit and a very efficient barrel lock-up, making it a very accurate pistol. The weapon was later upgraded with an internal firing pin safety. It weighs 1,0 kg fully loaded. Various versions were and are produced, including concealed-carry variants for police officers and agents (weight 770 g with empty magazine), an updated version with ambidextrous controls and polymer models.

The GIRL-47 is a replacement for the wartime GIRL-42 (literally meaning portable antitank grenade launcher). It mainly differed by having a slightly shorter and lighter tube, new sights and a new firing mechanism as well as better ammunition with a larger calibre of 85 mm. Ready to fire it weighted only 5,1 kg while achieving an effective range of 200 mm. The missile could penetrate up to 300 mm of RHA.

The GIRL-63 replaced earlier anti-tank launchers and was developed to get a system with a lower weight while achieving better penetration to combat modern tanks. The system was introduced in 1964 and differed substantially from earlier systems. The launcher is partially made out of fibreglass and plastic, resulting in a weight of 7,2 kg fully loaded. The warhead has a calibre of 90 mm and can penetrate up to 420 mm of RHAe. The launcher is loaded by attaching a rocket container to the rear of the launcher. When the container is attached, the electrical firing circuit is connected. The launcher is equipped with a 3x optical sight as well the option to use a passive night sight. Multiple warheads were developed, including a HEAT, a tandem HEAT, an HEDP and a smoke warhead.

The GIRL-79 is a reusable man-portable anti-tank weapon system in the late 1970s. The weapon can be carried and operated by a single operator and is effective to approximately 400 meters. Pre-packaged munitions and simple operating mechanisms make the weapon quite versatile, permitting use by airborne, motorized, and ground troops alike. it weights 8 kg loaded and about 3,6 kg unloaded. 

Munitions used by the GIRL-79 are propelled by a solid rocket motor and can be equipped with one of three warhead variants. The first, high explosive anti-tank round, provides specialized support for anti-tank missions. The second, known as a high explosive follow-through round, is designed for use against fortified targets or enemy units behind cover. A primary charge punches a hole through the protective structure, allowing a secondary anti-personnel charge to pass through and detonate within the building. The Third features a thermobaric warhead, intended to clear out (and possibly even collapse) buildings and similar structures.

The missile is stored in a cylindrical transport container. On launch the missile is ejected from the tube by a solid rocket motor. After traveling a safe distance from the operator, the flight motor ignites and takes the missile to its cruising speed of approximately 200 meters per second.

The missile is a thin cylinder with two sets of four pop-up fins positioned along the body of the missile. The warhead is either a shaped charge for use against tanks, or a semi-armour piercing fragmentation type with a delayed-action fuze for use against landing vessels.

The missile can be fired remotely, at a distance of up to fifty meters from the tripod mounted guidance system. It can mounted on the various jeeps in service. The PALR-75 is also in use with the different AFVs. The system weights 27,8 kg and provides a penetration of 620 mm in the first iteration. The improved PALR-75I introduced in 1992 employed a new tandem warhead with a penetration of 800 mm RHA after ERA. The range for both variants is roughly 70 m to 4 km.

Laser guided anti-tank missile. The unit is situated on a tripod unit with the missile launcher and laser designator on it. The designator and launcher can be separated from each other by up to 200 meters, or can be mounted together on the same tripod. Can be used on different jeeps and AFVs. With tripod the whole system has a weight of 65 kg and the missile has a maximum range of 4,5 km and penetrates up to 900 mm RHAe. The system is equipped with a thermal sight and as with the previous ATGM a secondary HE warhead can be fitted to be used against structures and landing craft. 

A newer version has a larger tandem warhead which enables the missile to penetrate up to 1'200 mm RHAe after ERA.

Development of the P2 started immediately after the war to replace the LGW-05 light utility truck/artillery tractor with a more modern design. Entering service in 1955, it was equipped with a new 50 kW PD150 diesel engine connected to a manual 5-speed transmission (4F, 1R) which had a special creeping gear for offroad use. Together with the 4WD drive and the good ground clearance of 300 mm, this gave the car good offroad characteristics. To ease the strain on raw materials after the war the hull was a composite construction out of steel and wood. The front window could be lowered down and the canvas roof was stowed on the rear of the vehicle when not in use. Thanks to its rugged design, capable suspension and offroad capabilities and favourable handling it was a well-liked vehicle and served in many roles in the armed forces - and even more roles outside of them, being an important asset for police forces, firefighters, farmers and commercial delivery. It probably was and is the most iconic post-war car. Although the engine can be considered thirsty by modern standards (17l/100 km) the car was used for the next four decades outside of the armed forces, which replaced the vehicle with a new design 15 years later.

The LUNA-2355 was a light, cross-country capable 5 t truck with a tubular backbone construction and cab-over-engine design. It was powered by the air-cooled 50 kW PD150 diesel engine with a 2,5 t payload on the road. It was the basis for a wide variety of trucks for military and civilian use, including but not limited to firetrucks, fuel trucks, ambulances and flat-bed. It was produced for 10 years before being replaced by a new design. It was a quite rugged, simple design although it lacked engine power for heavier tasks. The military variant was usually equipped with a 4WD. The front windows can be opened to provide additional ventilation. Depending on the version a variety of equipment was fitted, including winches, generators, power take-off and a cab heater.

The LUNA-2450 was a heavy 8 t truck with a payload of 5 t on the road. It was based on a tubular backbone construction and was decently cross-country capable. Powered by the 125 kW MAKO LD120 diesel engine mated with a 5-speed transmission it reached a top speed of 70 km/h. It was the to-go medium truck for the army and civilian use, serving as a mobile workshop, ambulance, X-Ray station, transport, crane, fuel tank, water tank, firefighter, radio station, pontoon-carrier and tractor. 

The military variant usually had a circular hatch in the cab roof, capable of mounting a machine gun on a ring though this option was rarely used. It was built for two decades before being replaced by a newer design. Many were used for many decades to come, only nowadays having disappeared from the roads and fields of Laywenrania.

By Alf van Beem - Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=24422836

The LUNA-3652 was a heavy-duty 13 t truck with a payload of 8 t. The 200 kW LD200 diesel engine with 700 Nm powered all six axles. It was mainly used as a transporter for pontoons, missiles, tractor for heavy equipment, cranes and bridging equipment. Thanks to the central tyre inflation system and the all-wheel-drive the truck was decently cross-country capable, although payload was limited in difficult terrain. Compared to lighter trucks production numbers were limited and it was not quite as ubiquitous but when heavy lifting was required it was the to-go truck for two decades.

The LUNA-4758 was the heaviest Laywenranian truck in 1950. It entered service in 1958 and was powered by the 450 kW MAKO LD238K diesel engine. With a weight of nearly 22 t and a payload of up to 65 t it was used as artillery tractor (particularly for missiles), tank transporter, airfield tractor, heavy tractor-trailer and extra heavy transport. It was usually equipped with a winch and a specialised variant was adapted for the installation of crane equipment. 

Development of the P3 started in the early 1960s to research a replacement for the P2 based on experiences gained with it in active duty. While using as many components as possible from the P2 or civilian vehicles it was to be used in a wide variety of roles (mobile workshop, ambulance, weapons carrier, radio vehicle etc.) while having excellent cross-country capability. After extensive trials, the vehicle entered service in 1969. With a payload of 7 passengers or 2 passengers and 700 kg, it was capable to carry a wide array of equipment, including radios, stretchers, mortars, recoilless rifles, laboratories and mobile workshops. It was a very rugged vehicle with superb cross-country capability and a sturdy chassis. The four-speed transmission was coupled with an underdrive, essentially giving the driver eight synchronised gears. The car was powered by the MAKO TD077 diesel engine with 65 kW.

The LUNA-2565 was designed to replace the outmoded older designs from immediately after the Third Cataclysm with a unitary design for a two-axle and a three-axle truck. The resulting vehicle was to be used as usual for both the military and civilians with a common engine and chassis. Based on a tubular backbone construction and with all-wheel drive it had excellent cross-country performance. It was available in a variety of wheelbases and bodies and besides its omnipresence in the civil life, it was the workhorse of the army for the next decades. A special bus variant was produced. It was powered by the MAKO LD136 diesel engine with 130 kW mated to a five-speed gearbox with a lockable differential. The two-axle version had a payload of 3 t.

An improved version, the LUNA-2480, is provided with a new drivers cab, improved transmission, a more fuel-saving variant of the engine and smaller improvements throughout the vehicle. 

The family of trucks created with the LUNA-2670/3670/4770 was produced for 15 years and mainly used by the military, although civilian versions were used for special tasks (for example airport tug, firetruck, crane). Based on the usual Laywenranian tubular backbone construction with independent swing half axles, providing excellent cross-country capability, the 8x8 variant had a payload of 8 t and could pull 100 t. The MAKO TD257 engine was mated to a twelve-speed transmission. A variety of variants was produced. 

The P4 is the logical development of the P3 and was the result of continuing development of the vehicle. It incorporated many detail improvements, a new 85 kW MAKO TD098 turbocharged diesel engine, a new automatic transmission, strengthened and more powerful electrical systems and air conditioning. It gradually replaced the P3 and serves in similar roles. A special armoured version, called the P4B, was built in small numbers and equipped with a stronger engine. it protected against small arms fire and shell splinters, featured a reinforced suspension and a circular hatch in the top to mount a machine gun.

Picture © Xavier Caré / Wikimedia Commons

Based on the family of LUNA-2670/3670/4770 trucks the new LUNA-2580/LUNA-3680/LUNA-4880 family was intended to create a series of trucks to replace the old family, the LUNA-3566 and the LUNA-4958 with a new modular design. The base design stayed the same - a tubular backbone with independent swing half axles mated with the MAKO TD278 engine. The vehicle is continually upgraded with new engines, different payloads and improved transmissions. The two-axle variant has a payload of 5 t, the three-axle variant has a payload of 7,5 t and the four-axle variant has a payload of 12,5 t. 

The SPW-52 was the first post-war wheeled armoured personnel carrier to enter service with the Laywernanian army. It was produced in small numbers and served mostly in the recon role, transporting 2 crew and 6 passengers. It was based on the LUNA-2355 light truck and powered by the same 50 kW diesel engine and four-wheel drive. In 1957 numerous improvements were added: an NBC protection system, central tyre pressure regulation system and an improved radio set. Armour was provided against small arms fire and splinters. 

Another variant mounted four PALR-57 in the troop compartment which could be elevated with the roof. Further variants included an air-defence variant mounting a twin sMG-39 and an NBC reconnaissance vehicle. 

The SPW-63 was a wheeled armoured personnel carrier and the second to enter service with the Laywenranian army. It built onto the experience gained with the SPW-52 and was the dedicated squad vehicle for the motorised troops (compared to the SPz-54 for the mechanised troops). It is powered by the 200 kW MAKO LD200 engine and a manual transmission providing 5 forward and 1 reverse gear. For its time it was quite a revolutionary design, placing the engine at the front to the right side of the driver, the turret with the 13 mm sMG-39 and 7,5 mm lMG-30 in the middle and the troop compartment for 9 passengers in the back. It was amphibious, had a central tyre-pressure regulation system, was armoured against 13 mm frontally and 7,5 mm all around and showed decent manoeuverability offroad.

The 83 mm GURL md. 55 was developed shorty after the Third Cataclysm to give parachutists, marines and mountaineers a lightweight field gun to destroy tanks, vehicles, fortifications and troops. It fires HEAT and HE grenades from a smoothbore barrel to a maximal range of 5 km. In firing position the gun weighted 86 kg and was positioned on the integral tripod. The sustained rate of fire was about five to seven rounds per minute. A crew of four services the weapon. The first HEAT grenade had a penetration of 240 mm RHA while a more modern variant achieves a penetration of 330 mm. The high-explosive grenade has a weight of 5 kg. With the advent of modern ATGMs the weapon was placed in reserve. 

The 107 mm GURL md. 55 is essentially the 83 mm GURL md. 55 with the calibre increased to 107 mm and a different carriage. Served by a crew of four, the weapon can switch between firing position and travel position in less than a minute. Contrary to the 83 mm variant it has 2 sights: a 6x zoom direct fire sight and a 2,5x zoom indirect fire sight. The first HEAT round had a penetration of 390 mm. This could later be increased to 480 mm and 730 mm. With a weight of 305 kg it was substantially heavier than the 83 mm variant, but also firing a heavier 8,5 kg high-explosive round.

The 130 mm GAL md. 53 was designed after the Third Cataclysm to replace the variety of field guns and cannons with a unitary design in the 130 mm calibre of the navy. It was capable of both high- and low-angle fire, achieving a range of 28 km and a muzzle velocity of 930 m/s thanks to the long barrel. Thanks to the high muzzle-velocity it was also a potent anti-tank weapon, penetrating 295 mm of RHA at 500 m with the 32 kg heavy APCBCHE-T round. The extraordinary range was bought with the heavy weight of 7,7 t. Later Base Bleed ammunnition achieved a range of 38 km. Besides AP and HE shells the gun could also fire guided ammunition, APDS, smoke and illumination rounds.

Based on a lightly armoured variant of the LUNA-4770, the SFL-ANL-70 is a multiple rocket launcher with 40 rounds in the calibre of 120 mm. The range can be varied with brake rings from 1,4 to 22 km. The vehicle carries a full second load, which can be reloaded in 35 seconds. A variety of ammunition is available, ranging from normal high-explosive fragmentation shells to mines, HEAT-bomblets to thermobaric warheads. The same equipment was later mounted on the LUNA-4880 (SFL-ANL-85) and upgrade packages installed new navigation and fire control equipment (SFL-ANL-70M) as well as introducing new missiles with a range of 36 km. Usually one of the vehicles in the battery was equipped with a dozer blade for emplacement or clearing of obstacles. The cabin is NBC proof and armoured against splinters and small arms fire. The launcher could either be fired from inside of the cabin or outside of it with a cable drum.

The 55 mm TAF md. 51 is a medium anti-aircraft gun designed to replace the old 40 mm guns with a design capable of fighting modern jet fighter aircrafts with proximity fused shells. It was employed as towed gun, as self-propelled gun as well as naval gun. The towed variant was loaded manually with four-round clips, enabling the gun to fire continuously as long the crew was able to supply ammunition. It took about one minute to get into firing position. A battery was usually equipped with six guns and a fire director equipped with radar, automatically laying the guns. The gun could fire HE as well as AP shells, enabling it to combat lightly armoured enemy vehicles and even tanks from close distance in direct fire. 

The gun had a combat weight of 4,5 t and achieved a muzzle velocity of 1000 m/s and a rate of fire of 100 rounds per minute. With radar guidance the guns had an effective range of 6 km. 

First experiments with self-propelled anti-aircraft guns were carried out during the Third Cataclysm, usually mounting an open-topped turret on an existing tank chassis and arming it with a variety of available guns. To combat the emerging fast jet aircraft flying at low altitudes and protect vital ground assets, the new 55 mm TAF md. 51 was mounted on a variant of the chassis of the LKPz-53 Jaguar with reduced armour, carrying a crew of 6. Two loaders fed the cannons manually with clips (each weighing 6,5 kg) while range and speed of the enemy aircraft had to be estimated. The drivers position and engine compartment remained more or less unchanged while the turret area was completly reworked. The turret can transverse at a speed of 40° per second and is sufficiently armoured to protect against splinters and small arms fire. A single hit was deemed to be sufficient to destroy or cripple most planes flying into the engagement area of the system. While the lack of a fire-control and search radar severly limited the effectiveness of the system against aircrafts, it was a powerful tool against enemy helicopters and ground troops - especially in hilly terrain, where the good elevation and rotation speed gave it advantages over conventional tanks in engaging infantry. Plans to equip radar were scrapped in favour of procuring the Fla-SFL-63.

Due to the shortcomings of the Fla-SFL-55 a new weapons system was developed. While utilising the same chassis multiple improvements were introduced: a new, enclosed, NBC-proof turret was employed, new stabilised 25 mm guns with a higher rate of fire were fitted, as well as additional ammunition and the vehicle featured search and fire-control radar. It was an extremely effective weapon against enemy aircraft and helicopters under every weather and light condition. While originally only to be used to cover armoured and motorised troops the system was soon also used to cover SAM sites, HQs and similar critical installations against low-flying attacks, leading to a high demand for the system which could not be covered quickly enough initially, with new vehicles being procured for a long time after its introduction. With continual upgrades its survivability and effectiveness on the battlefield was sustained, posing a major threat even to modern aircraft.

The Fla-Rak-14 is a high-altitude air defence system to defend strategic targets specifically against fast, high-flying jet bombers with nuclear payload. Developments on a high-performance SAM began soon after the Third Cataclysm but it took over 10 years before the weapon was accepted into service in 1960. The missile is semi-mobile, relocating taking several hours due to the large numbers of necessary support vehicles. Later variants of the complex reduced the number of support vehicles and shortened the relocation time. The two-stage missile reached a speed of Mach 3 and depending on the variant of the missile reached an effective range of 30 to 90 km and a ceiling from 23 to 35 km. During its lifespan a variety of radars were used with the system, usually consisting out of an early-warning radar and a fire-control radar. Guidance was Radio Guidance with terminal semi-active radar homing. 

Petrică Mihalache [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)]

The Fla-Rak-23 development started in 1959 to supplement the Fla-Rak-14 with a system capable of engaging low-flying targets at altitudes from 70 to 11'000 metres and a range from 2 to 23 km. The complex consists out of a single search and fire-control radar mounted on a tracked vehicle and one or multiple launcher vehicles which can also fire in an autonomous optical mode. The whole complex can relocate in a few minutes and is ready to fire in 15 minutes. The propulsion system includes a solid fuel rocket motor which, when burned out, forms the combustion chamber for a ramjet. Later variants mounted a fire-control radar on the launch vehicles as well as improving the optical system, enabling the TELAR to fire autonomously. Combat readiness time was steadily improved to increase mobility and survivability. The improved systems were able to engage targets flying as low as 15 metres and as high as 25 km up to a range of 42 km. 

With varying upgrades the system is still in use.

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The Fla-Rak-19 is a strategic, very long range, medium-to-high altitude surface-to-air missile designed in the 1960s to defend vital targets against bombers or ballistic missiles. Early variants reached a range of 150 km and a speed of Mach 4 while newer variants reach ranges in excess of 300 km and speeds in excess of Mach 7 and altitudes over 35 km. The system can be supplied with information from additional early-warning radar systems.

Due to the requirements and dimenesions of the system it was restricted to static deployment. This led to the ultimative replacement of the system with the Fla-Rak-32

By Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej - http://www.wp.mil.pl/pliki/Image/obrazki_do_stron/strona_66_wega.jpg, Attribution, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27794941

The Fla-Rak-32 is replacing the Fla-Rak-19 with a more mobile complex of vehicles. The system is a long-range surface-to-air missile system intended to defend vital targets against aircraft, cruise missles and ballistic missiles. Thanks to the thourough automatisation of the system the time to redeploy and engage targets could be kept to a minimum. Thanks to the use of a passive electronically scanned array radar, a capable fire-control system and advanced technologies the system is very adaptive and can engage targets flying as low as 25 m and as high as 30 km. A variety of missiles can be used - ranging from specialised low-altitude, low-range missiles with high maneuverability to long-range missiles to specialised, bigger anti-ballistic missiles.

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